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SPIDERS
 Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing chelicerate arthropods that have eight legs, and chelicerae modified into fangs that inject venom. Spiders are found world-wide on every continent except for Antarctica, and have become established in nearly every ecological niche with the exception of air and sea colonization. As of 2008, approximately 40,000 spider species, and 109 families have been recorded by taxonomists. However, there has been debate within the scientific community as to how all these genera should be classified, as evidenced by the over 20 different classifications that have been proposed since 1900.
Anatomically, spiders differ from other arthropods in that the usual body segments are fused into two tagmata, the cephalothorax and abdomen, and joined by a small, cylindrical pedicel. In all except the most primitive group, the Mesothelae, spiders have the most centralized nervous systems of all arthropods, as all their ganglia are fused into one mass in the cephalothorax. Unlike most arthropods, spiders have no extensor muscles in their limbs and instead extend them by hydraulic pressure.
Their abdomens bear appendages that have been modified into spinnerets that extrude silk from up to six types of silk gland within their abdomens. Spider's webs vary widely in size, shape and the amount of sticky thread used. It now appears that the spiral orb web may be one of the earliest forms, and spiders that produce tangled cobwebs are more abundant and diverse than orb-web spiders. Spider-like arachnids with silk-producing spigots appear in the Devonian period about 386 million years ago, but these animals apparently lacked spinnerets. True spiders have been found in Carboniferous rocks from 318 to 299 million years ago, and are very similar to the most primitive surviving order, the Mesothelae. The main groups of modern spiders, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, first appear in the Triassic period, before 200 million years ago.
References:
[1] Text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Spider
[2] Photo from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Orb Weaver Spider
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Licensed and insured in Massachusetts (MA) and New Hampshire (NH) for animals and insects.
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Massachusetts ( MA ) cities and towns serviced by Freedom Pest Control:
Amesbury MA, Andover MA, Arlington MA, Berkley MA, Beverly MA, Billerica MA, Boston MA, Boxford MA, Bradford MA, Brighton MA, Brockton MA, Brookline MA, Burlington MA, Byfield MA, Cambridge MA, Carlisle MA, Charlestown MA, Chelmsford MA, Chelsea MA, Chestnut Hill MA, Concord MA, Danvers MA, Dedham MA, Dracut MA, Essex MA, Everett MA, Georgetown MA, Gloucester MA, Groveland MA, Hamilton MA, Hanover MA, Haverhill MA, Holliston MA, Hyde Park MA, Ipswich MA, Jamaica Plain MA, Lawrence MA, Littleton MA, Lowell MA, Lynn MA, Lynnfield MA, Malden MA, Manchester-by-the-Sea MA, Marblehead MA, Marlborough MA, Mattapan MA, Medford MA, Melrose MA, Merrimac MA, Methuen MA, Middleton MA, Nahant MA, Newbury MA, Newburyport MA, Newton Highlands MA, Newton MA, North Andover MA, North Reading MA, Peabody MA, Quincy MA, Randolph MA, Reading MA, Revere MA, Rockport MA, Roslindale MA, Rowley MA, Salem MA, Salisbury MA, Salisbury Beach MA, Saugus MA, Somerville MA, South Hamilton MA, Stoneham MA, Swampscott MA, Tewksbury MA, Topsfield MA, Upton MA, Waban MA, Wakefield MA, Waltham MA, Watertown MA, Wayland MA, Wenham MA, West Boxford MA, West Newbury MA, Wilmington MA, Winchester MA, Winthrop MA, Woburn MA, Worcester MA |
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Southern New Hampshire ( NH ) cities and towns serviced by Freedom Pest Control:
Atkinson NH, Danville NH, Derry NH, East Hampstead NH, East Kingston NH, Epping NH, Exeter NH, Greenland NH, Hampstead NH, Hampton NH, Hampton Beach NH, Hampton Falls NH, Kingston NH, Londonderry NH, Newton NH, Pelham NH, Plaistow NH, Portsmouth NH, Salem NH, Sandown NH, Seabrook NH, Seabrook Beach NH, South Hampton NH, Stratham NH, Windham NH |
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